Bugoma Central Forest Reserve
It’s a significant tropical rainforest located in western Uganda, within the Hoima and Kikuube districts. Situated on the eastern edge of the Albertine Rift Valley, it lies between Hoima and Kyenjojo towns, approximately 10 km east of Lake Albert.

Size and Biodiversity
Covering an area of approximately 401–411 square kilometers (about 41,144 hectares), Bugoma Forest is renowned for its rich biodiversity. It ranks 12th among 65 Ugandan forests in terms of biodiversity importance and 17th for species rarity.
The forest is home to over 34 mammal species, including more than 600 chimpanzees, as well as blue monkeys, red-tailed monkeys, grey-cheeked mangabeys, and black-and-white colobus monkeys. Other wildlife includes elephants, buffaloes, golden cats, side-striped jackals, and Uganda kobs.
Bird enthusiasts can find over 255 bird species, such as the Nahan’s partridge, grey parrot, and African crowned eagle. Additionally, the reserve hosts 289 butterfly species, 130 moth species, and 260 tree species, including 14 listed on the IUCN Red List.
Conservation Challenges
Despite its ecological significance, Bugoma Forest faces threats from illegal logging, charcoal production, hunting, and agricultural encroachment. In 2020, a portion of the forest was allocated to Hoima Sugar Limited for sugarcane cultivation, sparking environmental concerns.
Conservation efforts are ongoing, with organizations like the Association for Conservation of Bugoma Forest (ACBF) working to protect and restore the forest. In 2021, a reforestation initiative successfully restored 50 hectares of forest cover.

Ecotourism Opportunities
Bugoma Forest offers ecotourism activities such as chimpanzee tracking, bird watching, and guided nature walks. In 2024, the forest was officially opened for chimpanzee trekking, providing visitors with an opportunity to observe these primates in their natural habitat.
Access to the reserve is typically via the Hoima–Fort Portal road, with entry points like the Kasindi Forest Station. The forest’s proximity to other attractions, such as Murchison Falls National Park and the Semliki Valley, makes it a valuable addition to Uganda’s ecotourism circuit.

Top Activities in Bugoma Central Forest Reserve

1. Chimpanzee Tracking
Bugoma is home to over 600 chimpanzees. The Mwera South chimpanzee community has been habituated for ecotourism, providing visitors with an opportunity to observe these primates in their natural habitat.

2. Nature Walks and Primate Viewing
Explore the forest’s 30 km of trails, where you can encounter various primates, including the endemic Uganda mangabey, as well as reptiles, butterflies, and unique tree species.

3. Bird Watching
With its rich avian diversity, Bugoma is a paradise for bird enthusiasts. The forest’s varied habitats support numerous bird species, making it an ideal spot for bird watching.

4. Scenic Views and Photography
Situated atop an escarpment east of Lake Albert, the reserve offers stunning views of the countryside and the Albertine Rift Valley, perfect for photography and relaxation.